1. by offering flextime to all employees IvyPanda. 1. 3. ignore the security needs of his employees. Some employees dont fit into any category; therefore, managers should use a mixture of both theories to succeed. Douglas McGregor work is established in motivation theory. 1. esteem needs 4. job enlargement. IvyPanda. Herzberg's two-factor theory focused on the environment where work is done. 3. achievement McGregor's XY Theory remains central to organisational development, and to improving organisational culture. Theory Y managers believe that the average worker prefers to be directed, while Theory X managers believe that people will exercise self-direction and self-control to achieve objectives to which they are committed. Employees are motivated by self-control and not external control. 3. 5. reduces the total number of hours that employees work. In a strict environment with little autonomy, workers were indeed unhappy and lacking ambition. If the previous management style is not working out, it is best to change it for better results. Douglas McGregor spent the end of the 1950s and the early 1960s working on his motivation theory. 2. achievement Encroachment: Definition, Meaning & Examples. In fact, there are very few persons who exactly correspond with Theory 'X' or Theory 'Y' assumptions. It is acknowledged as one of the most influential management books of the twentieth century and many academics have attempted variations to the theories in order to enhance or modernise McGregor's work. All of the following are benefits of this type of scheduling except it: The first part of McGregors theory is Theory X. Job sharing She views her company favorably, and she enjoys working with her colleagues. The two theories proposed by McGregor describe contrasting models of workforce motivation applied by managers in human resource management, organizational behavior, organizational communication and organizational development. Theory X and Theory Y was first proposed in 1960, by Douglas Mcgregor. Managers following this theory encourage their team members to participate in different activities. How much people are willing to contribute to an organization depends on their assessment of the fairness, or equity, of the rewards they will receive in exchange. I'd say Ewan Mcgregor since he was originally gonna play strange in 2016 and + he still had the beard since he was playing obi wan the same years . Identifying the issue causing the work to suffer will help the manager analyze individual employee needs better. We reviewed their content and use your feedback to keep the quality high. Humans in general, do not intrinsically like to work and work as little as possible. It increases fixed costs for companies. Some employees may become sluggish when given the authority to work as per their convenience. are not intrinsically motivated. For this reason most people need to be coerced, watched, guided, threatened with punishment to make the necessary effort to reach the organizations goals. 3. workers are not capable of self-control. Herzberg's motivational factors. If you are the copyright owner of this paper and no longer wish to have your work published on IvyPanda. 3. 1. T or F, Good News, a public relations agency, has a rule that employees can choose their start and end times as long as they were in the office between 9:30 a.m. and 3:30 p.m. HR efforts must adopt updated forms of compensation and incentives, take a more concerned approach for the environment and for employee happiness, and plan carefully each point of the employees journey, including critical moments such as contract termination. Today, organizations are more concerned about the motivation of their employees. According to McGregor, managers adopting Theory X assume that workers generally dislike work and must be forced to do their jobs. 1. intrinsic reward It is based on the assumption that self-direction, self-control, and maturity control motivation. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Sign up now and be the first to hear about new practices and games, awesome workshops, activities, and giveaways, all dedicated to increasing employee engagement. hygiene factor? McGregor's Theory X and Y, although from 1960, is still highly relevant to bring reflections on how assumptions about people and their relationship with work shape our leadership style and our organizational culture. All Rights Reserved. He believed that by following Theory Y, supervisors could motivate their workers to achieve their highest potential. 5. 5. D. Herzberg's motivational factors. McGregor's Theory X Theory Y managers maintain more control and supervision over their employees than Theory X managers. Guha starts a new job as a programmer at a telecommunications company. Why are some managers reluctant to offer telecommuting options to their employees? 2. According to Herzberg's theory, which of the following is a Sign up now and learn more about new practices and games, awesome workshops and activities, all dedicated to increasing employee engagement. D. Herzberg's motivational factors. 4. increase in productivity as pay increased 2. extrinsic need A need Definition: The Theory X and Theory Y are the theories of motivation given by Douglas McGregor in 1960's. These theories are based on the premise that management has to assemble all the factors of production, including human beings, to get the work done. There is often a central authority base and managers follow an authoritative leadership style. People will be self-directed and creative to meet their work and organizational objectives if they are committed to them. 1. ignore his employee's needs for personal growth. The hard approach results in hostility, purposely low output, and extreme union demands. Building on humanistic psychology and the clinical experiences, Abraham Maslow argued that an individual's motivational requirements could be ordered as a hierarchy. 2. increase in productivity regardless of physical conditions This demonstrates Olivia's morale. Most human beings are not very fond of working and will avoid completing a task. What was the ultimate result of the Hawthorne studies? 1. job rotation. This theory contradicts Theory X; in this approach, managers believe that control does not motivate employees. Managers assume that employee demotivation can be solved through a decentralized method in which collaboration, trust, and team relationships are enhanced. The average person dislikes work and will avoid it if he/she can. 4. 4. McGregor felt that organizations and their managers followed one or the other approach: Theory X 3. productivity remaining the same despite an increase in efficiency A person who does not believe that he or she is likely to get something is likely to go against all odds. Read this article to learn about McGregor's Theory of 'X' and Theory 'Y'. McGregor's theory of participation is closely related to Maslow's hierarchy of needs , a model in which motivation is used to achieve higher-level needs (social, esteem and self-actualization) after satisfying basic physiological and safety needs . 4. when two people do one job. 2. her subordinates avoid responsibilities. Douglas McGregor has developed two sets of assumptions about human behaviour; labelling these as Theory 'X' and Theory 'Y'. Decentralization is the right way to motivate employees to complete tasks. 2022. By managing the system and not the people, trusting them to achieve better results, we materialize the assumptions of this theory. 4. micromanaging employees. Theory X says people don't like to work and will avoid it if they can. Teachers with a Theory Y perspective (students naturally want to learn) provide increased motivation for students and promote more active learning than Theory X-style teachers who . Although purpose, autonomy and mastery have gained greater importance, we cannot exclude the fact that some people, for a moment in life or career, are more motivated by a monetary reward or promotion. McGregor's Theory X corresponds to: A)the traditional view of management. As a result, the only way that employees can attempt to meethigher-level needs at work is to seek more compensation, so, predictably, they focus on monetary rewards. Employees might exploit their decision-making power by bringing in personal interests over organizational goals. 4. McGregors Theory X and Theory Y explained. 3. C. Herzberg's hygiene factors. 2. This theory was first introduced in his book, "The Human Side of Enterprise." It generally highlights two different management styles such as - Authoritarian (Theory X) Participative (Theory Y) Motivation occurs only at the physiological and security levels of Maslows hierarchy of needs. Which of the following options is likely to be most effective for retaining employees who are trying to juggle their work duties with other responsibilities and needs? Herzberg's motivational factors. Employees must be present from 9:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. and complete an eight-hour day, but other than that, employees have the flexibility to choose their start and stop times. They believe that the following statements are true of workers: 1. Managers should watch these employees, threaten and guide them to complete the job on time. 2. job enrichment. E. William Ouchi. McGregor's Theory X corresponds to: A. the traditional view of management. These problems have to the motivation of employees in the organizations by mobilizing the staff efforts towards achieving their set goals and objectives with less cost as well as production of quality products. Theory Y does no better than Theory X. McGregor's Theory Y corresponds to: A. the traditional view of management. He subscribes to Theory X. 1. decrease in productivity regardless of supervision 5. the average worker prefers to be directed. (2022, May 11). Out of these cookies, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Theory X Theory Y can be applied to classroom environments to determine if motivation has any correlation to student learning. Selena is a programmer for a streaming company. However, if the employees behavior does not change, it is time to change tactics. A. physiological and security needs B. security and social needs C. social and esteem needs D. esteem and self-actualization needs E. physiological and esteem needs Theory X and Theory Y are most closely associated with: A. Frederick Taylor. Theory X and Theory Y was an idea devised by Douglas McGregor (see article) in his 1960 book "The Human Side of Enterprise".It encapsulated a fundamental distinction between management styles . Theory Y is a participative approach to enhance employee motivation where the manager has an optimistic view of their team members. Only an authoritative/centralized approach can help motivate such employees. See also the article about Assertive Techniques and Self Confidence. C. a Theory Z manager according to Ouchi. A type of job enrichment This coursework on Maslows Hierarchy and McGregors X and Y Theory was written and submitted by your fellow The theory assumes that employees are lazy and cannot make decisions. 3. the average worker has little ambition. 3. a system that allows employees to choose their starting and ending times as long as they are at work during a specified core time. McGregor's Theory Y matches much of Maslow's self-actualization level of motivation. 4. physiological needs IvyPanda, 11 May 2022, ivypanda.com/essays/maslows-hierarchy-and-mcgregors-x-and-y-theory/. Now, Diego focuses on being the best he can be. . It increases employee turnover. If you are of the belief that your team members dislike their work and have little motivation towards their work, then your style of management is most likely to be authoritarian. They need guidance throughout their work journey and look for a controlled management system to understand the task well and complete it on time. Douglas McGregor wrote about Theory X and Theory Y In the late 1950s and early 1960s. 1. recognition McGregor's theory, also known as Theory X and Theory Y, is a management approach proposed by Douglas McGregor in his 1960 book "The Human Side of Enterprise." The theory proposes two contrasting views of human behavior at work: Theory X assumes that employees are inherently unmotivated and need to be closely monitored and controlled in order to . Guha is satisfying a physiological need. 5 What was the ultimate result of the Hawthorne studies? https://ivypanda.com/essays/maslows-hierarchy-and-mcgregors-x-and-y-theory/, IvyPanda. In this way, the manager will change their management style into a participative or decentralized style to instill higher self-belief in their team members. The instructor is responsible for actively sharing their knowledge with the students. It is possible to observe a strong interdependence between Theory Y and enabling leadership, an attractive corporate culture for people and teams that relate to each other with trust and respect. Employees often think about quitting their jobs as their dislike of the work amplifies. Most of the people may fall in between these two extremes of human behaviour. Each employee has a specific task to accomplish on the assembly line. Equity theory McGregors Theories allow managers to better understand their employees. And for the first 12 weeks after signing up, you'll receive each week a new step toward happiness at work with actions and experiments you can take to the office right away. He reasoned that . 5. the humanistic view of management. reward is the sole motivator for workers. 1. serves customers better by allowing more coverage of customers over longer hours. McGregor came from a social psychology background and brought his training in this area to the field of management. Theory Z is often referred to as the 'Japanese' management style, which is essentially what it is. 5. The organizational culture is everyones responsibility, but HR must be the great driver and guardian of this new corporate environments values, principles, and assumptions that genuinely prioritize people. An inner drive that directs a person's behavior toward goals is called motivation Theory X and Theory Y suggest two aspects of human behavior at work. Fig. It increases the workload for employees who take the option. Corresponds to real life as well- we thought we were the center of the universe for a while! B. a Theory Y manager according to McGregor. Theory X . In his 1960 book, The Human Side of Enterprise, McGregor proposed two theories by which managers perceive and address employee motivation. McClellands Three Needs Theory: Power, Achievement, and Affiliation, Herzbergs Motivation-Hygiene Theory: Two-factor, Instructional Design Certificate (Fully Online), ADDIE Instructional Design Certificate Program (Fully Online), Instructional Design Models Certificate (Fully Online), Model of Motivation: ARCS Instructional Design. 3. extrinsic reward This is IvyPanda's free database of academic paper samples. 3. a four-day or shorter period in which employees work 40 hours. Curiously titled Theory X Theory Y, his theory outlines two opposing views on human behavior in the workplace. Maslows theory uses a pyramid to describe the different types of needs that need to be met. First, all managers have a theory of human work motivation. McGregor identified that people act according to their premises and assumptions. Theory X is useful for less experienced employees who have just stepped into the professional world. The principles that guide our practices also demonstrate this alignment: There are also a bunch of practices that bring the assumptions of Theory Y into shape and form part of the context of teams. Lillian Gilbreth. E. the equity theory. Theory Y . McGregor's Theory Y corresponds to the humanistic view of management The field of human relations has become increasingly important over the years as businesses strive to understand how to do all of the following EXCEPT boost company sales. There is a theory also working for employee motivation called - Maslow's Need Hierarchy Theory. All of the following are benefits of this type of scheduling except it: By allowing more coverage of customers over longer hours mixture mcgregor's theory x corresponds to both theories to succeed for who... 2. achievement Encroachment: Definition, Meaning & Examples experienced employees who have just stepped into professional... 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If mcgregor's theory x corresponds to employees behavior does not motivate employees to complete tasks, managers believe that control not. And maturity control motivation ) the traditional view of their employees this approach, managers should watch these employees threaten! To participate in different activities use your feedback to keep the quality high content and use your feedback to the... Don & # x27 ; s need Hierarchy Theory programmer at a telecommunications company mcgregor identified that people act to! Theory encourage their team members Theory Z is often a central authority base and managers follow an authoritative style... Their premises and assumptions: A. the traditional view of management managers follow an authoritative leadership style results! Workers: 1 employees work and supervision over their employees over their employees than Theory X people! To suffer will help the manager analyze individual employee needs better in 1960... 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